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Carlo Costantino, Anna Chiara Benedetti and Riccardo Gulli
The Italian residential building stock consists of 12.2 million buildings, with 7.2 constructed post-World War II during the economic boom. These structures were designed without specific regulations for seismic safety, fire resistance, and energy effici...
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Xiaoyuan Zhang, Hao Wang, Xiaogang Ning, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ruowen Liu and Huibing Wang
As a regional management unit to solve "urban diseases,? metropolitan areas are gradually attracting widespread attention. How to objectively and accurately delineate the boundaries of a metropolitan area is the primary prerequisite for carrying out targ...
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Jorge Cárdenas-Rangel, German Osma-Pinto and Julián Jaramillo-Ibarra
The energy characterization of buildings can be done by bottom-up methods such as energy simulation models (samples or archetypes). A sample consists of the selection of real buildings and an archetype is a theoretical building that represents them. Neve...
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Elias Pajares, Rafael Muñoz Nieto, Liqiu Meng and Gebhard Wulfhorst
A wide range of disciplines require population data with high spatial resolution. In particular, accessibility instruments for active mobility need data on the building access level. Data availability varies by context. Spatially detailed national census...
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Chengming Li, Wei Wu, Pengda Wu, Yong Yin and Zhaoxin Dai
As the coding of a dendritic river system can be used to represent the stream order and spatial-structure of a river network, it is always used in river selection, which is a key step in topographic map generalization. There are two categories of convent...
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