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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Temporal variation of coleoptera associated to alfalfa.

T. Zaviezo    
A. A. Grez    
D. Donoso    

Resumen

Thereis a great diversity of insects associated to alfalfa. They could vary in their composition and abundancedepending on crop phenology and cutting regime. In this study we describe the temporal dynamics ofthe community of beetles associated with a two year old alfalfa field located in Santiago ? Chile.Monthly samples, between November 2001 and February 2002, were taken from cut and uncut alfalfa,using nets and pitfall traps. A total of 2166 beetles were collected belonging to 73 species. Thirty sixspecies were collected only with pitfall traps, 13 only with nets and 24 with both sampling methods.Only 15 species were collected over the 4 months and 29 on one sampling date only, which suggests theexistence of a very dynamic community. Most of the species are predators, at least in one of their lifestages. When using pitfall traps the greatest abundance and diversity was found in January, but for netsinsects were marginally higher in January and February, and the diversity remained similar for allmonths. Anthicidae and Tenebrionidae were the most abundant families in pitfall traps, whileLathridiidae and Coccinellidae in nets. The relative abundance of the families varied through time.Predators and saprophytes were more abundant than herbivores. In relation to cutting regime, only inJanuary beetles were more abundant in cut than in uncut alfalfa and tended to be more diverse. Our findingssupport that beetles associated with alfalfa vary greatly in relation to time and phenology of thecrop. La alfalfa es un cultivo que aloja una gran diversidadde insectos. Estos pueden variar en composicióny abundancia según la época del año deacuerdo a la fenología del cultivo y, además, enfunción del régimen de corte de la alfalfa. Eneste trabajo se describe la composición y la dinámicatemporal del ensamble de coleópteros asociadosa un cultivo de alfalfa de dos años de edadubicado en Santiago. Una vez al mes, entrenoviembre del 2001 y febrero de 2002, se muestrearonestos insectos en alfalfa segada permanentementey en alfalfa sin segar, a través deredes entomológicas y trampas Barber. Se colectaronun total de 2166 coleópteros de 73 especies.De ellas, 36 fueron colectadas sólo en trampas Barber, 13 sólo en redes y 24 medianteambos métodos. Sólo 15 especies se colectarondurante los cuatro meses y 29 aparecen sólo enuna fecha de muestreo, lo que indica un ensamblemuy dinámico. La mayor parte de las especiesfueron, en alguno de sus estados de vida,depredadoras. En Barber, la mayor abundancia yriqueza de especies se obtuvo en enero y en redesla abundancia tiende a ser mayor en enero yfebrero, en cambio la riqueza fue similar todoslos meses. La abundancia de coleópteros varíósegún la familia, siendo en Barber más abundantesAnthicidae y Tenebrionidae, y en redes,Lathridiidae y Coccinellidae. Sin embargo, laabundancia relativa de ellas respecto a las otrasfamilias varió en el tiempo. Los coleópteros másabundantes fueron depredadores y saprófagos.En relación al régimen de corte, solamente enenero los coleópteros en alfalfa segada fueronmás abundantes y tendieron a ser más diversos.Lo anterior corroboró la variabilidad de la faunade coleópteros asociados a alfalfa en función deltiempo y del crecimiento de esta.

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