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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of the geographical origin, culture media, and pH on the growth dynamic of the edible ectomycohrrizal mushroom Suillus luteus

Rómulo Santelices    
Sergio Espinoza    
Nidia Brunel    
Götz Palfner    

Resumen

Suillus luteus is the most important wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom harvested and exported in Chile. This introduced species forms mycorrhizal symbiosis with Pinus radiata, the most important exotic forest tree. To obtain optimized protocols for the controlled infection of P. radiata trees with this species, it is important to determine the appropriate culture conditions. Therefore, we studied the effect of the geographical origin (three localities from the Maule Region of Chile), culture media (Modified Melin and Norkrans (MMN) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) 2%), and pH (5.0, 5.8, and 6.5) on the in vitro growth dynamics of S. luteus over 37 days. The results showed significant differences in the growth rate and colony diameter as a consequence of its geographical origin. However, no differences were found for either pH or culture medium. Our results confirm that a non-specific, economical culture medium, such as MEA 2%, may be used to obtain a suitable amount of mycelium for both medium- and large-scale assays of inoculation with this species. Keywords: Ectomycorrhizal, edible fungi, fungi, Pinus radiata, Suillus luteus. Suillus luteus es la especie silvestre de hongo micorrícico comestible más cosechada en Chile, que tiene una importancia económica y silvícola. Es una especie silvestre introducida, que se asocia con Pinus radiata, la especie forestal económicamente más importante del país. Si se quisieran desarrollar metodologías de infección controlada en árboles de P. radiata con este hongo ectomicorrícico, es importante estudiar condiciones apropiadas para su cultivo. Por ello, se estudió el efecto del origen geográfico (tres localidades de la Región del Maule de Chile), del medio de cultivo (Melin y Norkrans modificado (MMN) y extracto de malta agar (MEA) al 2%), y del pH (5,0; 5,8; y 6,5), en la dinámica de crecimiento in vitro de S. luteus durante 37 días. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas en la velocidad de crecimiento y diámetro de la colonia, como consecuencia de la procedencia del material fúngico. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencia tanto en el medio de cultivo como en el pH. Esto confirma, para las cepas chilenas analizadas, que es posible emplear un medio de cultivo económico como MEA 2%, con el propósito de producir una cantidad adecuada de biomasa miceliar para futuros programas de micorrización con esta especie.

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