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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of organic and mineral amendments upon soil respiration and microbial biomass in a saline-sodic soil

José E. Celis    
Marco Sandoval    
Bárbara Martínez    
Celerino Quezada    

Resumen

An understanding of soil carbon stocks and fluxes in saline-sodic soils is becoming critical in environmental management because salinity and sodicity are predicted to increase worldwide. The effects of amendment with sewage sludge (SW), mined gypsum (MG) and synthetic gypsum (SG) on the soil respiration rate and soil microbial biomass (SMB) of a saline-sodic soil were assessed in vitro over 60 days under controlled conditions. The treatments were: T1 = S + MG (7 t ha-1); T2 = S + MG (7 t ha-1) + SW (90 t ha-1); T3 = S + SG (7 t ha-1); T4 = S + SG (7 t ha-1) + SW (90 t ha-1); T5 = S + SW (90 t ha-1); T6 = S + SW (270 t ha-1); T0 = Control (unamended soil). Soil respiration rates were determined by a respirometry method in a closed incubation chamber. SMB was measured by the chloroform fumigation-extraction procedure. The results showed that the highest respiration rate occurred when soil was amended with T6, followed by T5.Microbial respiration was the lowest with T1 and T3. The gypsum amendments did not significantly increase soil respiration, due to low organic matter (OM) intake. All treatments showed a gradual decrease of SMB over the 60-day incubation period. The saline-sodic soil was able to respond positively to large amounts of added sewage sludge, up to 270 t ha-1.El entendimiento del flujo de carbono en suelos salino-sódicos se está tornando crítico en el manejo ambiental, a medida que la salinidad y sodicidad están aumentando a nivel global. Se analizaron in vitro los efectos de lodos urbanos (SW), yeso mineral (MG) y yeso sintético (SG) en la respiración y biomasa microbiana del suelo (SMB) sobre un suelo salino-sódico por un periodo de 60 días bajo condiciones controladas. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 = S + MG (7 t ha-1); T2 = S + MG (7 t ha-1) + SW (90 t ha-1); T3 = S + SG (7 t ha-1); T4 = S + SG (7 t ha-1) + SW (90 t ha-1); T5 = S + SW (90 t ha-1); T6 = S + SW (270 t ha-1); T0 = Control (suelo sin enmendar). El CO2 producido por los microorganismos se determinó mediante respirometría en una cámara de incubación cerrada. SMB se midió a través del método de fumigación-extracción con cloroformo. La mayor respiración ocurrió cuando el suelo fue enmendado con T6, seguido por T5.La respiración microbiana fue la más baja cuando se aplicaron al suelo T1 y T3. Las enmiendas con yeso no aumentaron significativamente la producción de CO2 respirado debido al bajo aporte de materia orgánica (OM). Todas las enmiendas mostraron un descenso gradual de SMB en los 60 días de incubación. El suelo salino-sódico fue capaz de responder positivamente a grandes cantidades de lodo urbano enmendado a dosis de hasta 270 t ha-1.

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