Resumen
In the period of technological preparation and initial stages of development in the mass production of composite products, there is a fairly large number and variety of technological defects. The rate of these defects often exceeds the permissible requirements of design documentation and therefore results in faulty products. The most characteristic technological defect for composite structures reinforced with continuous fibres or fabric materials is the deviation of the thickness of the moulded composite from its projective value. Another type of common defects is local violations of integrity in discrete volumes of polymer composite materials in the forms of pores and voids that appear when making their packages in technological forming equipment. The analysis and substantiation of the tolerance fields for these types of technological defects have been carried out. The tolerances on deflection of the thickness of the product being formed from the design value are established. It is shown that the input control determines the deviation of the thickness from the nominal value for a single-layered semifinished product. The deviation in the thickness of the package from the nominal includes the components that arise during its formation. These components are related to the integral deviations of the technological mode of formation (pressure, temperature, and time change) from those that are regulated by the relevant documentation. The analytical dependences are obtained for the reasonably defined assignment of tolerance fields for the physicomechanical properties of a polymeric composite material having a deviation in the thickness in the presence of local violations of continuity in the form of voids. In contrast to the existing models, the obtained dependencies have helped estimate the quality of technological processes of the formation of semifinished products and products made of polymer composite materials by the rate of defects of the considered class. An analysis of the influence of defects of this class on the physical and mechanical properties of the polymeric composite material has been carried out. It is shown that when using some reinforcing material with a passport field of tolerance, the value of the volumetric fibre content is always in its range. At the same time, the rejection of the bulk content of the binder may go beyond its passport field of tolerance.