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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Structural change in the chilean dairy sector: export potential and challenges.

Gonzalo Vargas    

Resumen

During the decade of the nineties, the Chilean dairy sector showed great competitive capacity as shown by high growth rates in production and substantial quality improvements of primary inputs, and by an important modification in production seasonality. Although Chile has traditionally been an importer of milk, starting in 1993, production started to increase at higher rates than domestic consumption. This has lead to a significant rise of exports and a gradual reduction in the quantity of imports. The only way to sustain constant rises in milk production in an environment of slow domestic demand growth is with access to international markets. Prices paid to producers and production costs are among the world`s lowest, which, together with potential improvements to productivity and efficiency, gives the Chilean dairy sector an export potential. The realization of this potential requires a number of decisions to improve productive efficiency at both the primary and industrial level, and a better coordination among the different levels of the marketing chain.En la década de los 90 el sector lechero chileno mostró una gran capacidad competitiva, manifestada en altas tasas de crecimiento de la producción, en un mejoramiento substancial de la calidad de la materia prima, y en una modificación importante de la estacionalidad de la producción. Si bien Chile ha sido tradicionalmente un país importador de leche, a partir de 1993 la producción comienza a crecer a mayores tasas que el consumo doméstico, por lo cual se observa un crecimiento significativo en las exportaciones y una disminución paulatina en la importaciones. La única manera de sostener un crecimiento constante en la producción, en un contexto de lento crecimiento de la demanda doméstica, es accediendo a los mercados internacionales. Por otra parte, los precios pagados a productor y los costos de producción de leche en Chile se ubican entre los menores del mundo, lo que, unido al potencial de mejoramiento en la productividad y eficiencia, permiten sostener que Chile tiene un potencial exportador significativo. Para ello se requiere de un conjunto de acciones para mejorar la eficiencia productiva a nivel primario e industrial, y una mejor coordinación entre todos los sectores involucrados.

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