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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Selection of rice genotypes (Oryza sativa) with high nitrogen agronomic efficiency in an Acuic Durixererts soil, central-southern Chile

Celerino Quezada    
Santiago Hernaíz    
Iván Vidal    
Roberto Alvarado    
Rubén Gallegos    
Wilson Yañez    

Resumen

Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) is a key factor that has not been considered in rice breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate nitrogen agronomic efficiency in twenty rice genotypes in an Acuic Durixererts soil (Quella Series) located in Chile´s south central zone (36º04`S, 72º 0`W) over the 2008-09 growing season. The field experiment was carried out in a complete randomized split-plot block design with five N treatments of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 and twenty genotype sub-treatments. The following agronomic characteristics of the crops were measured: yield, grain fill percentage, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The N level had a significant effect on grain yield, NAE and the number of panicles per m2. Highly significant differences in all parameters evaluated were observed between genotypes. The nitrogen x genotype interaction had significant effects on plant height, 1000-grain weight and the grain fill percentage. The best performing rice genotypes were as follows: Quila 233006, Quila 223202, CINIA 857, and RQuila 17 with a 50 kg N ha-1 dose and Ámbar, RQuila 17 and Quila 242105 with 100 kg N ha-1 dose. These genotypes had high NAE and yield components that may be of use when producing new cultivars. Our results demonstrate the importance of selecting rice genotypes with greater NAE and considering this parameter when making N fertilizer recommendations.  La eficiencia agronómica de nitrógeno (EAN) es un factor importante que no ha sido considerado en los programas de mejoramiento del cultivo de arroz. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la efi ciencia agronómica del nitrógeno en veinte genotipos de arroz en un suelo Acuic Durixererts (Serie Quella), ubicado en la zona centro sur de Chile (36º04`S, 72º 0`W) durante la temporada 2008-2009. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con arreglo de parcelas divididas, conformado por cinco tratamientos de dosis de nitrógeno de 0, 50, 100, 150 y 200 kg ha-1 y veinte genotipos de arroz. Se evaluó rendimiento y sus componentes, características agronómicas, porcentaje de grano lleno y EAN. El nivel de nitrógeno tuvo genotipos presentaron diferencias altamente significativas en todos los parámetros evaluados. La interacción Nitrógeno ´ Genotipo tuvo efecto significativo en altura de plantas, peso de 1.000 granos y porcentaje de grano lleno. Los genotipos de arroz con mejor comportamiento fueron Quila 233006, Quila 223202, CINIA 857 y RQuila17, con dosis de 50 kg N ha-1 y Ámbar, RQuila 17 y Quila 242105, con dosis de 100 kg N ha-1, por presentar alta EAN y componentes de rendimiento destacados para producir nuevas variedades. Los resultados demuestran la importancia de seleccionar genotipos de arroz con mayor EAN y considerar este parámetro en las recomendaciones de fertilización nitrogenada.

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