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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Absence of biochemically demonstrable stress in early weaned half-bred Zebu calves.

J. A. Coppo    
N.B. Mussart    
M.A. Revidatti    
A. Capellari Capellari    

Resumen

Early weaning is carried out in northeastern Argentina to increase beef cattle reproductive performance. This practice reduces calfs growth rate, a result attributable to stress. To verify this hypothesis, a prospective case control study was performed in 120 calves, 60 in lactation (controls, lot C) and 60 submitted to early weaning and supplemented with balanced pellets (experimental, lot E), during 120 days of follow up for 4 successive years on natural pasture. Levels of weight and stress blood indicators were measured in days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90 and 120. Significant cortisol increase (initial: 2.4±0.6 versus final: 3.7±0.9 ug·dl-1) and aldosterone decrease (351±13 versus 291±14 pg·m-1) were verified in E (time effect) during calf development. The differences between C and E (treatment effect) were not significant in any of the studied hormones. In E (versus C), less weight gains were verified (139.4±11.6 versus 158.7±11.7 kg, P<0.001). Significant increases (P<0.05) in total leukocytes (12.08±1.08 versus 9.76±0.90 G·l-1), neutrophils (4.12±0.59 versus 3.78±0.59 G·l-1) and lymphocytes (7.26±0.95 versus 5.39±0.76 G·l-1) were also confirmed in E, increases beginning between 7 and 28 days after weaning. No significant fluctuations were observed in monocytes, eosinophils, sodium, potassium and chloride. Modifications were attributed to combined effects of ontogeny (growth) and sympathetic alarms (catecholamines), rather than stress (cortisol, aldosterone). Para incrementar la performance reproductiva del ganado para carne, en el nordeste argentino se efectúa destete precoz. Esta práctica provoca menor velocidad de desarrollo de los terneros, circunstancia que se atribuye al estrés. Para verificar tal hipótesis, en 4 años sucesivos fueron realizados ensayos de 120 días de duración, sobre pastura natural, empleando 120 terneros: 60 en amamantamiento (controles, lote C) y 60 sometidos a destete precoz y suplementados con alimento balanceado (experimentales, lote E). Los exámenes fueron realizados a los 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90 y 120 días, consistiendo en pesajes y determinaciones hemáticas de parámetros indicadores de estrés, bajo un diseño de medidas repetidas. Durante el desarrollo de los terneros, en E se incrementó el cortisol (inicial: 2,4±0,6 versus final: 3,7±0,9 ug·dl-1) y disminuyó la aldosterona (351±13 versus 291±14 pg·m?-1), en ambos casos significativamente (efecto tiempo). Al final, no hubo diferencias significativas entre C y E (efecto tratamiento) para ninguna de las hormonas estudiadas. Culminados los ensayos, en E (versus C) fueron verificadas menores ganancias de peso (139,4±11,6 versus 158,7±11,7 kg) (P<0,001) y significativos aumentos (P<0,05) de leucocitos totales (12,08±1,08 versus 9,76±0,90 G·l-1), neutrófilos (4,12±0,59 versus 3,78±0,59 G·l-1) y linfocitos (7,26±0,95 versus 5,39±0,76 G·l-1). Las diferencias significativas entre C y E se iniciaron entre los días 7 y 28 post-destete. No se registraron variaciones significativas de monocitos, eosinófilos, sodio, potasio ni cloruro. Las modificaciones se atribuyen a los efectos conjuntos de ontogenia (crecimiento) y alarmas simpáticas (catecolaminas), antes que al estrés (cortisol, aldosterona).

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