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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of culture medium and incubation on the characteristics of micropropagated agave plants

José R. Enríquez-del Valle    
Karla H. Antonio-Luis    
Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz    
Gisela V. Campos-Ángeles    

Resumen

Agave potatorum Zucc adventitious shoots were obtained in vitro from stem tissues and rooted in different solid media, pH 5.8, containing the following: 1) different concentrations (50, 75, and 100%) of MS (Murashige and Skoog) mineral salts and 2) different quantities of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 0.5, 1 mg L-1). The shoots in each medium were separated into two groups and incubated for 84 days under different environments, including a laboratory or greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3×3×2 factorial arrangement. Adventitious roots emerged after 10 to 14 days of incubation, depending on the condition of incubation. In both laboratory and greenhouse settings, after 28 days of incubation, 66.6 and 93.6% of shoots subjected to treatment medium with 75% inorganic salts, 0.5 mg L-1 IBA and medium with 50% inorganic salts, 1 mg L-1 IBA, respectively, had formed roots. On day 40, all shoots had roots. After the 84-day rooting stage, the plants grown from the shoots in the medium with 1 mg L-1 IBA were larger in terms of leaf width, stem diameter, and largest leaf base cross-section area, but similar in the number of roots relative to the plants obtained in the media without IBA. Plant size increased with increasing mineral salt concentrations in the medium. Micropropagated plants obtained from the cultures incubated in a greenhouse and laboratory had an 8.9 and 5.4 cm leaf length, 1.8 and 0.8 cm3 leaf volume, 1.8 and 0.5 cm3 stem diameter, and 6.6 and 5.2 roots, respectively. Se obtuvieron brotes adventicios de Agave potatorum Zucc a partir de tejidos de tallo y éstos se enraizaron en diferentes medios de cultivo gelificados, con pH 5.8, que contenían: 1) sales minerales MS (Murashige and Skoog) en concentraciones diferentes (50, 75, 100%); 2) ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) en cantidades diferentes (0; 0,5; 1 mg L-1). El total de brotes en cada medio de cultivo se separó en dos grupos para incubarlos durante 84 días en condiciones diferentes: laboratorio o invernadero. Resultaron 18 tratamientos, en un experimento completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3×3×2. Las raíces tardaron en emerger entre 10 a 14 días según la condición de cultivo. A los 28 días de incubar los brotes en los tratamientos: medio con 75% sales inorgánicas, 0.5 mg L-1 AIB; medio de cultivo con 50% sales inorgánicas, 1 mg L-1 AIB, el 66,6 y 93,6% de brotes habían formado raíces y a los 40 días de incubación todos los brotes tenían raíces. Transcurridos 84 días de incubación, los brotes de Agave en medios de cultivo con 1 mg L-1 de AIB originaron plantas más grandes en ancho de hojas, diámetro del tallo, área de la sección transversal de la hoja en su parte basal; pero similar cantidad de raíces que plantas obtenidas en medios sin AIB. Al incrementar la concentración de sales inorgánicas en el medio de cultivo, se obtuvieron plantas más grandes. Las plantas micropropagadas obtenidas en invernadero o laboratorio tuvieron sus hojas de 8,9 y 5,4 cm de longitud, 1,8 y 0,8 cm3 de volumen foliar, el tallo de 1,8 y 0,5 cm de diámetro, 6,6 y 5,2 raíces, respectivamente.

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