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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Analysis of genetic diversity in Argentinean heterotic maize populations using molecular markers.

Marcelo Morales    
Viviana Decker    
Leonardo Ornella    

Resumen

Over the past three decades, traditional Argentinean Orange Flint maize cultivars have been replaced by the higher yielding U.S. Yellow Dent germplasms. However, flint cultivars are potentially resistant to biotic and/or abiotic stress. Thus, knowledge of genetic diversity and relationships among flint inbred lines would help reduce genetic vulnerability and broaden the genetic base of crops in national improvement programs. In this study, we report the analysis of 25 inbred Orange Flint germplasms and one dent using 21 microsatellite markers or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). The aim was to assess genetic diversity among these accessions and evaluate the usefulness of SSR markers for defining heterotic groups in temperate germplasm. Genetic diversity values for flint germplasm (25 inbreeds) was relatively high. The number of alleles per locus was 5.14 and expected heterozygosis (He) was 0.68. When testing for genetic differentiation among the four heterotic populations established by topcross, twelve loci from a total of twenty-one displayed significant P-values. Even though we cannot observe a significant agreement between groupings based on topcross and clustering based on molecular data. On the other hand, Bayesian grouping (STRUCTURE software) performed better when compared to the clustering based on genetic distance (UPGMA-Modified Roger?s Distance). Desde las tres últimas décadas, las variedades tradicionales argentinas de maíz Cristalino Colorado han sido reemplazadas por germoplasma más competitivo de origen norteamericano. Sin embargo, los cultivares flint son una fuente potencial de resistencia a estrés biótico y abiótico. En consecuencia, el conocimiento de la diversidad genética y relación entre las líneas ayudaría a reducir la vulnerabilidad genética y aumentar la base genética del cereal en los programas de mejoramiento nacionales. En este trabajo se reporta el análisis de 25 líneas de germoplasma Cristalino Colorado y 1 línea de maíz dentada utilizando 21 marcadores microsatélite o SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats). El objetivo fue evaluar la diversidad genética entre dichas entradas y la utilidad de los marcadores SSR para definir grupos heteróticos en germoplasma de clima templado. La población de 25 líneas de maíz Cristalino Colorado presentó valores relativamente altos de diversidad genética: Número de alelos/locus = 5,14 y He = 0,68. El test de diferenciación génica, aplicado sobre las cuatro poblaciones heteróticas establecidas por topcross, reveló 12 loci, de un total de 21, con valores de P, significativos. Aunque no se observó un acuerdo importante entre los agrupamientos basados en información molecular y los grupos heteróticos establecidos por topcross, el agrupamiento bayesiano (programa STRUCTURE) presentó un mejor comportamiento respecto al agrupamiento basado en distancia genética (UPGMA-Modified Roger?s Distance).

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