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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Systematic transitions in land use and land cover in a pre-Andean subwatershed with high human intervention in the Araucania Region, Chile

Pablo Saavedra Briones    
Alejandra Sepúlveda-Varas    

Resumen

Historical studies of land use changes help us to understand the current configuration of the landscape and identify the environmental and social impacts that are associated with these transformations. Several authors describe the transitions as a process of change that transforms the landscape system; for systematic transitions, these transitions are driven by stable and gradual processes. The objective of this study is to determine the trajectory and magnitude of land use and land cover (LULC) change for the 1994-2007 period in a pre-Andean sub-watershed with intensive human use in the central-southern zone of Chile and to analyze the most significant systematic transitions between land cover types. The results confirmed the reduction in the areas of agriculture and livestock and the increase of exotic plantations use on surfaces intended for agricultural use. The significant transitions were the conversion at a rate gain of 384 ha/year of ?Farmlands? to ?Exotic plantations?, the abandonment at a loss rate of 119 ha/year of ?Perennial grasslands? to ?Native vegetation?, the degradation at a loss rate of 93 ha/year of ?Native vegetation? to ?Perennial grassland?, and the revegetation at a rate gain of 60 ha/year of ?Exotic plantations? to ?Native vegetation?. The new patterns and trends in the use and intensity of land use reaffirmed the need for studies on the updated status of natural resources, particularly soil resources. This work, we believe, is a technical tool to support the sustainable management of a territory and the decision-making processes on land use. Estudios de los cambios en el uso de la tierra permiten comprender la configuración actual del paisaje e identificar los impactos ambientales y sociales que se asocian a estas transformaciones. Diversos autores describen ?transiciones? como un proceso de cambio que transforma el paisaje, donde las ?transiciones sistemáticas? son impulsadas por procesos estables y graduales. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la trayectoria y magnitud del cambio de cobertura y uso de la tierra para el periodo 1994-2007 en sub-cuenca pre-andina de uso intensivo en el centro-sur de Chile y analizar las transiciones sistemáticas más significativas entre tipos de cobertura. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la reducción de áreas destinadas a agricultura-ganadería y el aumento de áreas de uso forestal: conversión, a una tasa de 384 ha año-1, de ?Cultivos y pastizales naturales? a ?Plantaciones forestales?; abandono, a una tasa de pérdida de 119 ha año-1, de ?Praderas perennes? a ?Bosque nativo y matorrales?; degradación, a una tasa de pérdida de 93 ha/año, de ?Bosque nativo y matorrales? a ?Pastizal perenne?; y revegetación, a una tasa de ganancia de 60 ha año-1, de ?Plantaciones forestales? a ?Bosques y matorrales nativos?. Así, debido a los nuevos patrones y tendencias en el uso de la tierra se reafirma la necesidad de contar con estudios sobre el estado actualizado de los recursos naturales, en particular el recurso suelo. Este trabajo, representa una herramienta de apoyo tanto para la gestión sostenible de un territorio como para la toma de decisiones sobre el uso de la tierra.

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