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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of rainfall regimes on seed production and quality of Avena barbata.

Alfredo Olivares    
Myrna Johnston    
Carolina Calderón    

Resumen

The effects of rainfall amount and distribution on seed yield and quality in Avena barbata were evaluated in a greenhouse under controlled conditions with simulated rainfall regimes. A randomized complete-block design was used with fi ve replications of one pot each. Seven treatments were established according to rainfall regimes for a real year in the semiarid zone in the Metropolitan Region, Chile: normal rainfall (1982), late rainfall (1987), normal-early rainfall (1962), normallate rainfall (1989), dry-early rainfall (1981) and dry-late rainfall (1990). One treatment without water stress was left for comparison. One-year-old seeds were planted in pots with disinfected soil. The fi ve most uniform plants in terms of size and health were chosen for the experiments. The simulated rainfalls were applied according to calendar dates of each selected year. The roots? and shoots? mass production was evaluated. The number of fl oral shoots, fruits and seeds; their total weights and separating annexes; as well as the number of fi lled seeds, seed viability and germination were also determined. Based on the results obtained, a rainy year with late rainfall distribution highly favored mass production; in addition, the seeds? quality was better in years with late rainfall distribution, normal or rainy. The proportion of fi lled seeds was greater in the rainy-normal rainfall year, and the seed annexes were better in the late rainy year. The results indicate that the production, quality of grains and phenology of A. barbata were modifi ed with the rainfall distribution. Se evaluó, en condiciones controladas de invernadero, el efecto de la cantidad y distribución de las precipitaciones sobre la producción y calidad de semillas de Avena barbata, en un diseño de bloques al azar con cinco repeticiones (maceta). Se establecieron siete tratamientos a partir de años reales del secano de la Región Metropolitana: lluvioso-normal (1982), lluvioso-tardío (1987), normal-temprano (1962), normal-tardío (1989), seco-temprano (1981) y seco-tardío (1990) más uno de referencia sin restricción hídrica. Se sembraron semillas del año, en macetas con suelo desinfectado, dejando las cinco plantas mas uniformes en tamaño y sanidad. Las lluvias simuladas se aplicaron según el calendario del año seleccionado. Se evaluó la producción de fi tomasa aérea y radical, la cantidad de tallos fl orales, de frutos y de semillas, sus pesos totales y el de sus anexos y el llenado de las semillas; la viabilidad de éstas y la capacidad germinativa. El año lluvioso con distribución tardía favoreció una mayor producción de fi tomasa, en cambio, la calidad de las semillas fue mejor en los años con distribución tardía, fuese éste normal o lluvioso; la proporción de semillas llenas fue mayor en el año lluvioso-normal y el de anexos en el lluvioso-tardío. Los resultados muestran que la respuesta al monto de las lluvias se modifica con la distribución de ellas.

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