Redirigiendo al acceso original de articulo en 17 segundos...
ARTÍCULO
TITULO

The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile

Germán Sepúlveda-Chavera    
Ricardo Salvatierra-Martínez    
Rodrigo Andía-Guardia    

Resumen

The powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) is one of the major factors limiting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in the Azapa Valley, Chile. This problem is especially severe in the case of protected crops because the options for the treatment of these crops with chemical fungicides are limited. This study evaluated the effects of 0.5 and 1.0 kg·100 L-1 Ospo-V55® and 10% raw cow?s milk on tomato leaflets infected by powdery mildew complex. Ospo-V55®, with active ingredients consisting of 10% p/p of algae extract (IB?101) and 0.8% of microorganism concentrate, was evaluated in this study. Ospo-V55® contains flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols, oligo- and polysaccharides, 8.6% protein, 0.5% magnesium and trace amounts of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. Tacora Mas® (a mixture of 25% tebuconazole and 12.5% carbendazime) and Acoidal WG (wettable sulfur) were included for comparison with the Ospo-V55® and raw cow?s milk treatments. A diagrammatic scale to assess the severity of the disease was validated and used to quantify the damage resulting from tomato powdery mildew and the effects of the treatments. The effect of the treatments on the germination of the conidia of L. taurica and Erysiphe sp. was also studied on water agar. Tacora Mas® provided the best control of powdery mildew in the field, followed by 1.0 kg·100 L-1 Ospo-V55® and Acoidal. However, Ospo-V55® was more effective than Acoidal. All treatments, including raw cow´s milk, significantly (P=0.05) reduced disease severity in the leaf compared with the control. Both surfaces of the leaves were assessed, and better results were obtained on the upper surface. This difference was associated with differences in wetting. Acoidal was the most effective treatment for inhibiting conidia germination, decreasing germination more than 98.2%. This result differed significantly from the value of inhibition produced by Tacora Mas®. Ospo-V55® and raw cow´s milk showed significant differences (P=0.05) in conidial germination compared with the control. Based on these results, we conclude that Ospo-V55 and raw cow´s milk can be used in an integrated management program as alternative treatments to control tomato powdery mildew complex.El complejo cenicilla (Leveillula taurica y Erysiphe sp.) es una de las principales limitaciones en la producción de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en el Valle de Azapa, Chile, especialmente en cultivos protegidos donde las opciones de fungicidas químicos se reducen. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de 0,5 y 1,0 kg·100 L-1 OSPO-V55 ® y de la leche de vaca al 10%. OSPO-V55 ®; 10 y 0,8% p/p de extracto algas marinas (IB - 101) y concentrado de microorganismos respectivamente, que contiene flavonoides y Alcaloides, fenoles, oligo y polisacáridos, 8,6% proteínas, 0,5% de magnesio y cantidades traza de riboflavina, niacina y ácido ascórbico. Para la comparación se incluyeron Tacora Mas ®, una mezcla de 25% tebuconazol y el 12,5% carbendazim, y Acoidal WG, azufre humectable. Fue validada una escala diagramática para evaluar severidad de cenicilla en tomate y esta se utilizó para cuantificar el daño y el efecto de los tratamientos. También se evaluó el efecto de los tratamientos sobre la germinación conidial de L. taurica y Erysiphe sp. Tacora Mas® proporciona el mejor control del cenicilla en campo, seguido OSPO-V55 ® 1,0 kg·100 L-1 y Acoidal. Sin embargo, OSPO-V55 ® fue más eficaz que Acoidal WG®. Todos los tratamientos incluyendo la leche de vaca cruda redujeron significativamente (P=0,05) la severidad de la enfermedad en la hoja en comparación con el control. Ambas superficies de las hojas fueron evaluadas, pero los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en la superficie abaxial, lo que se asoció con diferencias en mojamiento. Acoidal fue el tratamiento más eficaz para inhibir la germinación conidial, sobre un 98,2%, significativamente diferente de Tacora Mas® y a los tratamientos alternativos. OSPO-V55® y la leche cruda de vaca mostraron diferencias significativas (P=0,05) en la germinación conidial en comparación con el control. Basándose en estos resultados se concluye que OSPO-V55 y la leche cruda de vaca puede ser un tratamiento alternativo, dentro de un manejo integrado pera el control del complejo cenicilla en tomate.

 Artículos similares

       
 
Dinghui Xu, Teng Xiong, Wenbin Lu, Jinsheng Zhao, Zhenqian Zhang and Gang Xiao    
Weed infestation has seriously affected the yield and quality of rapeseed, which is a globally significant oil crop. While the application of chemical herbicides in agriculture has greatly boosted agricultural efficiency and crop yield, it has also unfor... ver más
Revista: Agronomy

 
Jintao Yu, Chun Zhang, Xuan Wang, Hongchuan Li, Yusef Kianpoor Kalkhajeh and Hongxiang Hu    
Alternative fertilizers are essential to minimizing the deteriorating effects of chemical fertilizers on soil and water quality/health. Accordingly, the present work investigated the effects of combined organic?inorganic fertilization (COIF) on wheat and... ver más
Revista: Agronomy

 
Eberton de Carvalho, Gleice Aparecida de Assis, George Deroco Martins, Douglas José Marques, Edson Aparecido dos Santos, Laura Cristina Moura Xavier, Lorrayne Maria Rodrigues Malta and Renan Zampiroli    
Coffee farming has high land use value, which can result in economic losses without proper land use planning. Intercropping has improved coffee production by providing an alternative income source to producers, especially in the crop formation phase. The... ver más
Revista: Agronomy

 
Muthusamy Janaki, Pavana K. Sivadasan Unni, Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja, Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan, Bader O. Almutairi and Ahmed Abdel-Megeed    
Agricultural pests can be effectively controlled using microbes, providing an eco-friendly alternative to available synthetic pesticides. Suitable entomopathogenic bacterial strains were collected from agricultural fields and evaluated for their insectic... ver más
Revista: Agronomy

 
Rachid Ezzouggari, Jamila Bahhou, Mohammed Taoussi, Najwa Seddiqi Kallali, Kamal Aberkani, Essaid Ait Barka and Rachid Lahlali    
Citrus fruits stand as pivotal and extensively cultivated fruit crops on a global scale, boasting substantial economic and nutritional significance. Despite their paramount importance, citrus growers and the industry face a formidable obstacle in the for... ver más
Revista: Agronomy