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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Factors that determine the use of contract farming by southern Chilean farmers. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):43-53.

Liliana Morales    
Rodrigo Echeverría    
María del V. Barrera    

Resumen

Unlike in the central zone of Chile, the use of contract farming (CF) is uncommon in the southern regions of the country, and few studies have attempted to explain this situation. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the use of CF in southern Chile. The methodology consisted of two approaches: a quantitative approach, wherein a multinomial logit model was applied to data obtained from questionnaires completed by 384 southern producers, and a qualitative approach that included in-depth individual interviews with professionals, officials of public institutions, and producer focus groups. The main results show that producers with high educational levels, large farms, and production oriented toward the export market who are located in areas with a high concentration of neighbors using CF, who belong to organizations, and who need technical assistance from agribusiness firms are highly likely to use a CF system. However, despite the individual effect of each factor, their combined effect is related to the highest use of CF. Moreover, the lack of a positive relationship between risk-averse farmers and the use of contracts could be a sign of a problem in the way the contracts are established in southern Chile.A diferencia de la zona central, en la zona sur de Chile la Agricultura por Contrato (AC) es muy poco utilizada, y existen pocos estudios que permiten explicar esta situación. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores que determinan el uso de la AC en el sur de Chile. La metodología consideró dos enfoques de investigación complementarios: uno cuantitativo, en donde se aplicó un análisis logístico multinomial utilizando datos provenientes de cuestionarios aplicados a 384 productores de la zona sur, y uno cualitativo, donde se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales y funcionarios de instituciones públicas y grupos focales a productores. Los principales resultados muestran que aquellos productores que tienen un mayor nivel educacional, con predios de mayor tamaño, con una producción orientada al mercado externo, que se ubican en zonas con una alta concentración de vecinos que usan contractos, que pertenezcan a asociaciones y que necesiten asistencia técnica por parte de las empresas compradoras, tienen mayores probabilidades de usar el sistema de AC. Sin embargo, a pesar del efecto individual de cada uno de estos factores, es el efecto combinado de ellos el que está más asociado al uso de la AC. Además, la falta de una relación positiva entre los agricultores adversos al riesgo y el uso de contratos podría ser una señal de una falla en la manera en que los contractos son establecidos en el sur de Chile.

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