Redirigiendo al acceso original de articulo en 23 segundos...
Inicio  /  Information  /  Vol: 12 Par: 12 (2021)  /  Artículo
ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Probabilistic Evaluation of the Exploration?Exploitation Balance during the Search, Using the Swap Operator, for Nonlinear Bijective S-Boxes, Resistant to Power Attacks

Carlos Miguel Legón-Pérez    
Jorge Ariel Menéndez-Verdecía    
Ismel Martínez-Díaz    
Guillermo Sosa-Gómez    
Omar Rojas and Germania del Roció Veloz-Remache    

Resumen

During the search for S-boxes resistant to Power Attacks, the S-box space has recently been divided into Hamming Weight classes, according to its theoretical resistance to these attacks using the metric variance of the confusion coefficient. This partition allows for reducing the size of the search space. The swap operator is frequently used when searching with a random selection of items to be exchanged. In this work, the theoretical probability of changing Hamming Weight class of the S-box is calculated when the swap operator is applied randomly in a permutation. The precision of these probabilities is confirmed experimentally. Its limit and a recursive formula are theoretically proved. It is shown that this operator changes classes with high probability, which favors the exploration of the Hamming Weight class of S-boxes space but dramatically reduces the exploitation within classes. These results are generalized, showing that the probability of moving within the same class is substantially reduced by applying two swaps. Based on these results, it is proposed to modify/improve the use of the swap operator, replacing its random application with the appropriate selection of the elements to be exchanged, which allows taking control of the balance between exploration and exploitation. The calculated probabilities show that the random application of the swap operator is inappropriate during the search for nonlinear S-boxes resistant to Power Attacks since the exploration may be inappropriate when the class is resistant to Differential Power Attack. It would be more convenient to search for nonlinear S-boxes within the class. This result provides new knowledge about the influence of this operator in the balance exploration?exploitation. It constitutes a valuable tool to improve the design of future algorithms for searching S-boxes with good cryptography properties. In a probabilistic way, our main theoretical result characterizes the influence of the swap operator in the exploration?exploitation balance during the search for S-boxes resistant to Power Attacks in the Hamming Weight class space. The main practical contribution consists of proposing modifications to the swap operator to control this balance better.

 Artículos similares

       
 
Noah J. Bagazinski and Faez Ahmed    
Ship design is a years-long process that requires balancing complex design trade-offs to create a ship that is efficient and effective. Finding new ways to improve the ship design process could lead to significant cost savings in the time and effort requ... ver más

 
Jun-Fang Wang, Jian-Fu Lin and Yan-Long Xie    
Subjected to complex loadings from the wheel?rail interaction, turnout rail is prone to crack damage. This paper aims to develop a condition evaluation method for crack-alike damage detection of in-service turnout rail. A covariance-based structural cond... ver más
Revista: Infrastructures

 
Eduardo García Villena, Alina Pascual Barrera, Roberto Marcelo Álvarez, Luís Alonso Dzul López, Kilian Tutusaus Pifarré, Juan Luís Vidal Mazón, Yini Airet Miró Vera, Santiago Brie and Miguel A. López Flores    
The purpose of this article is to help to bridge the gap between sustainability and its application to project management by developing a methodology based on artificial intelligence to diagnose, classify, and forecast the level of sustainability of a sa... ver más
Revista: Applied Sciences

 
Lucia Minnucci, Fabrizio Scozzese, Sandro Carbonari, Fabrizio Gara and Andrea Dall?Asta    
The seismic assessment of existing bridges is of the utmost importance to characterise the main structural deficiencies, estimate the risk, prioritise retrofit interventions, or estimate losses and repair costs in case of earthquakes. The above tasks req... ver más
Revista: Infrastructures

 
Dugan Um, Prasad Nethala and Hocheol Shin    
In this paper, a hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) architecture, namely a ?Hierarchical Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (HDDPG)? has been proposed and studied. A HDDPG utilizes manager and worker formation similar to other HRL structures. Howe... ver más
Revista: AI