Resumen
Recovery maneuvers are highly important for rescuing a person overboard at sea. This is the prime reason why the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has published the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual III, which aims to assist vessels and aircrafts in the performance of a search, rescue, or on-scene co-ordinated efforts with aspects of search and rescue (SAR) which pertain to their own emergencies. The IAMSAR Manual III includes the Williamson turn, the Anderson turn and the Scharnov turn. Furthermore, the Lorén turn has been newly included in the 2019 edition of the Manual. Although several studies have pointed out that the Williamson turn needs to be applied in a modified form for proper application, in terms of returning ability to the original track line, it has not yet been modified in the Manual. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the serviceability of the four standard recovery maneuvers through a series of ship-handling simulations with representative types of ships. Our main results are as follows: firstly, the Anderson turn is the fastest recovery method, regardless of engine power and rudder efficiency; secondly, the actual paths of the Williamson turn are not consistent with the expected ones; and, finally, no correlations were found between the returning ability of the Williamson turn and any ship configuration or maneuvering ability factors, or their combinations. Thus, based on the experimental results, this paper proposes revising the descriptions of the standard recovery maneuvers and IMO regulations on ship maneuverability, as well as posting the actual tracks of the Williamson turn on the bridge in order to improve its serviceability.