Resumen
Increasing the share of grid frequency converter-connected renewables reduces power system inertia, which is crucial for grid frequency stability. However, this development is insufficiently covered by energy system modelling and analysis as well as related scientific literature. Additionally, only synchronous inertia from fossil fuel-emitting power plants is represented, although renewable generators are a source of synthetic inertia, thus resulting in increased must-run capacities, CO2 emissions and system costs. The work at hands adds an analysis of the future German power system considering sufficient inertia to the literature. Therefore, results of an novel open-source energy system model are analysed. The model depicts minimum system inertia constraints as well as wind turbines and battery storage systems as a carbon-dioxide-free source for a synthetic inertial response. Results indicate that integrating system inertia constraints in energy system models has a high impact on indicators such as system costs. Especially when investments in additional storage units providing an inertial response are necessary. With respect to researched scenarios, system cost increases range from 1% up to 23%. The incremental costs for providing additional inertia varies between 0.002 EURO/kg·m2 and 0.61 EURO/kg·m2.