Resumen
Big Data has changed how enterprises and people manage knowledge and make decisions. However, when talking about Big Data, so many times there are different definitions about what it is and what it is used for, as there are many interpretations and disagreements. For these reasons, we have reviewed the literature to compile and provide a possible solution to the existing discrepancies between the terms Data Analysis, Data Mining, Knowledge Discovery in Databases, and Big Data. In addition, we have gathered the patterns used in Data Mining, the different phases of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, and some definitions of Big Data according to some important companies and organisations. Moreover, Big Data has challenges that sometimes are the same as its own characteristics. These characteristics are known as the Vs. Nonetheless, depending on the author, these Vs can be more or less, from 3 to 5, or even 7. Furthermore, the 4Vs or 5Vs are not the same every time. Therefore, in this survey, we reviewed the literature to explain how many Vs have been detected and explained according to different existing problems. In addition, we detected 7Vs, three of which had subtypes.